PGS has developed steering capability for every one of the six source sub-arrays towed behind each Ramform vessel. These systems improve survey efficiency and increase repeatability by minimizing the effects of variable currents on the acquisition geometry.

GeoStreamer surveys are backward-compatible with data from legacy hydrophone-only surveys, and PGS processing solutions can enhance legacy data bandwidth to improve 4D signal detectabilityĪll PGS seismic vessels are equipped with steerable sources which minimize lateral deviations in source positions and create better-conditioned baseline and monitor surveys.

4D signal detectability and resolution is maximized by using broad bandwidth data with high signal-to-noise ratio at all frequencies.

Non-repeatable noise associated with sea surface height and/or receiver depth variations is removed in processing with multisensor wavefield separation.

GeoStreamer surveys use steerable source arrays and streamers, combined with dense multisensor streamer spreads to accurately match designed source and receiver positions.See also: Case Study on dual-azimuth 4D acquisition in the Barents Sea and Processing 4D seismic data Key Benefits Ideally, the acquisition geometry and hardware are repeated exactly from survey to survey, so that any observable difference in the seismic response is derived entirely from physical changes in the reservoir. The first survey is the baseline survey, and each successive survey is a monitor survey.

Such time-lapse surveys are used to optimize the planning of producer and injector well placements, as well as monitoring the overburden to detect any geomechanical changes associated with compaction effects. 4D) project involves repeating 3D seismic surveys over a producing reservoir to identify changes in the physical state of the reservoir due to production.

3d earthquake monitor